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Biomarker Library

Every Lab Test, Explained

Browse 67+ biomarkers with plain English explanations, normal ranges, and what your results actually mean.

Blood Sugar

4
Fasting Glucose
What fasting glucose measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Glucose
What glucose measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Hemoglobin A1C
What hemoglobin A1C measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Insulin
What insulin measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.

Cholesterol

6
Apolipoprotein B
What apolipoprotein B measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
HDL Cholesterol
What HDL cholesterol measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
LDL Cholesterol
What LDL cholesterol measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Total Cholesterol
What total cholesterol measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Triglycerides
What triglycerides measure, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
VLDL Cholesterol
What VLDL cholesterol measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.

Kidney

5
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
What BUN measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Creatinine
What creatinine measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Cystatin C
What cystatin C measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
eGFR (Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate)
What eGFR measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Uric Acid
What uric acid measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.

Liver

9
Albumin
What albumin measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase)
What ALP measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)
What ALT measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase)
What AST measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Direct Bilirubin
What direct bilirubin measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Total Bilirubin
What total bilirubin measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
GGT (Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase)
What GGT measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Globulin
What globulin measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Total Protein
What total protein measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.

Thyroid

6
Free T3 (Triiodothyronine)
What Free T3 measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Free T4 (Thyroxine)
What Free T4 measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Total T3 (Total Triiodothyronine)
What Total T3 measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Total T4 (Total Thyroxine)
What Total T4 measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (TPO Antibodies)
What TPO antibodies measure, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone)
What TSH measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.

Blood Cells

15
Basophils
What basophils measure, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Eosinophils
What eosinophils measure, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Hematocrit
What hematocrit measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Hemoglobin
What hemoglobin measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Lymphocytes
What lymphocytes measure, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin)
What MCH measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration)
What MCHC measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume)
What MCV measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Monocytes
What monocytes measure, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
MPV (Mean Platelet Volume)
What MPV measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Neutrophils
What neutrophils measure, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Platelets
What platelets measure, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
RBC (Red Blood Cell Count)
What RBC measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width)
What RDW measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
WBC (White Blood Cell Count)
What WBC measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.

Vitamins

7
Calcium
What calcium measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Folate
What folate measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Magnesium
What magnesium measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Phosphorus
What phosphorus measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Vitamin B12
What vitamin B12 measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Vitamin D
What vitamin D measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Zinc
What zinc measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.

Iron

4
Ferritin
What ferritin measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Serum Iron
What serum iron measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
TIBC (Total Iron-Binding Capacity)
What TIBC measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Transferrin Saturation
What transferrin saturation measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.

Inflammation

3
CRP (C-Reactive Protein)
What CRP measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate)
What ESR measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Homocysteine
What homocysteine measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.

Other

8
Chloride
What chloride measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Cortisol
What cortisol measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
DHEA-S (Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate)
What DHEA-S measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Estradiol (E2)
What estradiol measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Potassium
What potassium measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen)
What PSA measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Sodium
What sodium measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.
Testosterone
What testosterone measures, normal ranges, what high and low levels mean, and when to get tested. Plain English explanations.

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